ESG: Being a responsible investor is no longer limited to excluding sin stocks
The roots of responsible investment date back to the early 1900s. Religious organisations pioneered “faith-consistent investing”, which involved excluding “sin stocks”. Today, responsible investors utilise exclusion amongst a wider range of approaches.
DNB Asset Management has been working with responsible investment (RI) since 1988 and been a signatory to the UNPRI since the year of its launch in 2006, which is considered best practice for responsible investors. However, understanding, practices and actors involved in RI have changed and developed over time.
A 2012 report by Louche, Arenas and Van Cranenburgh[1] have identified the five phases in the development of responsible investing: Roots, development, transition, expansion and mainstream. We have expanded on these below.
The development of responsible investing
RI’s roots date back to the early 1900s. Religious organisations pioneered RI with “faith-consistent investing”, which involved excluding “sin stocks”. Tobacco, gambling, pornography and alcohol were considered unethical and were excluded from their investment universes.
The development phase came in the 1970s to 1980s. During this time, RI transformed from a faith-based activity into one which promoted public awareness of the social responsibility of corporations. At the time, RI was particularly driven by political and protest movements, such as the anti-Vietnam War and anti-apartheid in South Africa. RI also began to take root in Europe.
1990s: Increasing focus on the environment
In the 1990s, responsible investing began a gradual transition towards a strong focus on environmental concerns. We saw the emergence of green funds in Europe, including our own DNB Renewable Energy, which celebrated its 30 year anniversary in 2019. We also saw growth in the number of social rating agencies and RI indices. Instead of applying only negative screening criteria to exclude sin industries, positive screening criteria were also employed.
CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE AGENDA: A decade of important international commitments including the launch of the first Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report and the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, amongst others. (NTB/Imagebroker)
Next came the expansion phase. The 2000s saw strong developments in the approach to responsible investing, with responsible investment strategies beginning to find acceptance in the mainstream investment community, leaving its more activist image behind. The UNPRI was launched in 2006 and has seen dramatic growth in its number of signatories since - from 173 in 2006 to over 2,600 by September 2019.
2010s: Responsible investing has become mainstream
From the 2010s, we consider responsible investing to be increasingly mainstream. The increasing acceptance by the investment community is marked by a number of events including:
- The ratification of the Paris Agreement and establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015.
- Mark Carney’s tragedy of the horizon speech, where he described “climate change as a destabilising factor for the financial system”.
- The inception of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures followed, and published its final report in 2017.
- France’s Article 173 “energy transition law” coming into force in 2017.
- The action points of the EU Action Plan on Sustainable Finance are beginning to make their way through legislative processes in Europe. A key achievement in this regard has been a common understanding on green classification under the EU taxonomy being reached in December 2019.
- The draft of the European Green Deal’s publication in December 2019, which raises Europe’s climate change ambitions.
The development is clear – where RI was once niche and focused on ethics, today, working with Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) is mainstream. At the same time, the approach to implementing responsible investments has developed over time. The European Sustainable Investment Forum’s 2018 study[2] reveals that though exclusions are still relevant, active ownership through engagement and voting, and ESG integration are gaining momentum.
We see these approaches are being the most important tools for implementing responsible investments now and moving forward. Our overarching aim is to secure long-term shareholder value and mitigate material ESG risks and opportunities in the best interest of our clients, as required as part of our fiduciary duty.
Read more about DNB Asset Managements responsible investment strategies here.